Batteries & EV
The battery passport is due in February 2027
Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 is the first passport requirement with a fixed statutory date and no product-group delegated act to wait for. If you place LMT, EV or industrial batteries above 2 kWh on the EU market, the clock is already running.
- Instrument
- (EU) 2023/1542
- Applies from
- February 2027
- Threshold
- Above 2 kWh
GS1 Digital Link
id.circuleid.com/01/09506000134352
- Product
- Merino Crew Knit
- GTIN
- 09506000134352
- Material composition
- 82% RWS merino · 18% recycled PA
- Carbon footprint
- 14.2 kg CO₂e · ISO 14067
- Recycled content
- 18.4% by mass
- End-of-life route
- Take-back · fibre-to-fibre
Illustrative passport record. Field coverage follows the ESPR delegated act for the product group.
Definition
What is a battery passport?
A battery passport is a machine-readable record of a battery's chemistry, carbon footprint, recycled content, state of health, hazardous substances and dismantling information. Under Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 it becomes mandatory from February 2027 for light means of transport, electric vehicle and industrial batteries above two kilowatt-hours.
It is not a static certificate. State of health and cycle count change across the battery’s life, and the passport has to carry that history if a second-life buyer or a recycler is to act on it. See the consolidated text of the regulation for the field-level requirements.
Scope
What the regulation asks for, and who may see it
| Data | Why it is required | Who can see it |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry and composition | Identifies the cell chemistry a recycler has to process safely | Public |
| Carbon footprint | Declared per functional unit, with a life-cycle methodology | Public |
| Recycled content | Cobalt, lithium, nickel and lead shares against the regulation’s thresholds | Public |
| State of health and lifetime | Determines residual value and second-life suitability | Legitimate interested parties |
| Dismantling information | Safe removal sequence and hazardous component locations | Repairers and recyclers |
| Supply chain due diligence | Sourcing risk for cobalt, lithium, natural graphite and nickel | Regulators and notified bodies |
Capabilities
What CirculeID does for a battery programme
Cell-to-pack identity
One resolvable identity per pack, module and cell, so a claim made at cell level can be traced from the pack a customer scans.
State of health history
Telemetry and service updates recorded as dated EPCIS 2.0 events rather than overwriting a single figure.
Signed supplier evidence
Cathode, anode and cell suppliers assert recycled content as Verifiable Credentials signed with their own keys.
Due diligence file
Sourcing risk documentation for cobalt, lithium, natural graphite and nickel, held against the battery it belongs to.
Second life and recovery
Dismantling sequences and hazardous component locations released to verified repairers and recyclers.
Conformity reporting
Export the passport dataset in the form a notified body or market surveillance authority asks for.
Programme
Getting a battery passport programme to February 2027
- 01
Fix the identity model
Decide what carries an identity — pack, module, cell — and issue GS1 identifiers accordingly. Everything downstream attaches to this decision.
- 02
Onboard the cell supply chain
Cell producers and cathode suppliers hold the recycled content and footprint figures. They submit and sign them; you never re-key them.
- 03
Connect the BMS
State of health arrives from the battery management system through the API and is written as dated events, not as a field that is silently overwritten.
- 04
Publish and resolve
The passport resolves from the carrier on the pack, returning the public view to a consumer and the restricted view to a verified recycler.
Answers
Frequently asked questions
Which batteries need a battery passport?
Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 requires a battery passport for light means of transport batteries, electric vehicle batteries, and industrial batteries with a capacity above 2 kWh, placed on the EU market from February 2027. Portable batteries are covered by other provisions of the regulation but do not require a passport.
What data does a battery passport have to carry?
Battery chemistry and composition, carbon footprint, recycled content of cobalt, lithium, nickel and lead, state of health and expected lifetime, hazardous substances, dismantling and safe removal information, and due diligence on the supply chain. Some fields are public; performance and durability data is restricted to legitimate interested parties and the Commission.
Who is responsible for the battery passport?
The economic operator placing the battery on the EU market. In practice that is the manufacturer or importer, but the data comes from cell producers, module assemblers, cathode and anode suppliers and recyclers. CirculeID signs each contribution as a Verifiable Credential, so the responsible operator can show which party asserted which figure.
How is state of health kept current after sale?
State of health changes over the battery’s life, so the passport is not a document issued once. CirculeID accepts updates through the API and records each as an EPCIS 2.0 event against the same battery identity, which gives a second-life buyer or a recycler a dated history rather than a single figure from the day of manufacture.
Does a battery passport help with second life and recycling?
That is its main commercial value beyond compliance. A repurposer deciding whether an EV pack is worth a second life needs chemistry, cycle count and state of health; a recycler needs dismantling sequence and hazardous substance locations. Both are in the passport, which is why recovery rates and residual value are the arguments that fund these programmes internally.
Next step
Bring us one battery line
We will map what you already hold against the regulation's field list and show you exactly which evidence is still missing, and from which supplier.